Life Sciences & Biomedicine


Biomedicine

- healthy ageing (prevention, screening and treatment for pathologies connected with longer life

expectancies ^[1] )

- antimicrobial resistance (better use of antibiotics, next generation vaccines)

- individualized medicine (individually tailored prevention, diagnosis and treatment)

- mental health (prevention, treatment and care of neurodegenerative diseases)

- care strategies for chronic, multi-factorial and environment-related diseases

- pharmaceutical drug manufacturing

- food security

Environmental Biology

- biodegradability

- bio-refineries

- biodiversity and ecosystems

Biotechnology

- biological raw materials

- biological processing methods

Genomic research

Bioinformatics


Interdisciplinary (intersections of life science with physics, mechanics, engineering and computer science are assumed):

Biomedical engineering and medical technologies (including microscopy and imaging)

Musculoskeletal Biomechanics

Biocompatible interface devices

Bioactuators


[1] cancer, dementia, infections, diabetes and cardiovascular and lung diseases




Cutting edge Engineering & Advanced Materials

Additive manufacturing

- binder and material jetting (3D printing, ink-jetting, thermojet)

- direct energy deposition (laser deposition, E-beam deposition)

- selective melting and sintering (laser, E-beam)

- lamination

- photopolymerisation

- mathematical aspects of advanced manufacturing

- manufacturing (factory) systems quality and process control


Electronic components and systems

- nanoscale patterning

- 3-D integration and process technologies

- flexible hybrid microelectronics


Micro- and nano-fluidics

Lightweight manufacturing

Robotics (for workplace assistance, and for manufacturing)

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)

Actuators

Sensors (for remote monitoring)

Cleaner, quieter aircrafts, vehicles and vessels


Interdisciplinary (intersections with computer science and energy efficiency):

(Civil) Space engineering (global navigation satellite system)

Hardware (high speeds and real-time processors for large volumes of data in ultra-compact forms with ultra-low power consumption)

Digital industry (digital manufacturing and design)

Energy-efficient buildings and urban systems


Interdisciplinary (intersections with numerous areas):


Advanced materials

Criteria of advanced materials are as follows: these materials must introduce new functionalities and improved properties, while adding value to existing products and processes, in a sustainable approach. Research can start from the material itself (e.g. biomaterials), from the industrial sector (e.g. metallurgy) or from their applications (e.g. energy, health, transport). Examples are given below:

- wide band semiconductor nanostructures for electronics

- functionally graded materials for thermal barrier coatings

- novel battery materials with improved stability,

- etc.



Energy Efficiency

Variable renewable energy

- concentrated solar power

- wind power

- ocean power

- geothermal power


Energy storage

- small (batteries in personal electronic devices)

- medium (better energy storage for vehicles)

- large (storage for power generation, grid level)

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Bioenergy (energy derived from biomass feedstocks)

Power electronics (technologies that will lead to high-efficiency power controls)

Improved combustion process

- cleaner methods of extracting, processing and using hydrocarbon fuels

- regulation of greenhouse gas emissions

- carbon capture and storage

Safety of nuclear systems (including safe long-term management of radioactive waste)


Interdisciplinary (intersections with computer science):

Electricity grids (architectures, reliability and flexibility)

Transforming energy demand through digital technology




Quantum Technology

Nanoelectronics

- semiconductor nanostructures (quantum wires, quantum dots)

- low-dimensional carbon nanostructures

- spintronics

- cryoelectronics (superconductor junction, superconducting digital logics)

- single electron devices (SETs)

- elements of organic electronics

Quantum computing

- superconductor qubits

- spin-based qubits

- electromagnetic traps for atoms and ions

- single electron qubits

- quantum cryptography devices

- quantum simulators

Nanoelectronic emitters and detectors

- semiconductor light diodes

- organic light diodes

- solid-state and organic lasers

- photovoltaic elements

- single photon detectors (semiconductor, superconductor)

- terahertz detectors

- emitters of electrons based on nm-size materials

- SQUID detectors

- SET-electrometers

Photonics and non-linear optics

- near-field optics

- non-linear wave guides

- X-ray lenses

- photonic crystals

- optical metamaterials

- quantum micro resonators

- nanoplasmonics

- photonic integrated circuits

- quantum photonic integrated circuits

- single-photon sources

- optical communications

- quantum key distribution

Quantum metrology and sensors

- atomic quantum sensor

- atomic watches

- quantum standards



Advanced Studies

Math and Mathematical Physics

- logic and foundations

- algebra

- number theory

- algebraic and complex geometry

- geometry

- topology

- Lie theory and generalizations

- analysis and its applications

- dynamical systems and differential equations

- mathematical physics

- probability and statistics

- combinatorics

- mathematical aspects of computer science

- numerical analysis and scientific computing

- control theory and optimization

Mechanics

- theoretical mechanics

- fluid mechanics

- mechanics of gases and plasma

- turbulence

- mechanics of solids

Physics

- quantum mechanics

- theory of gravity

- statistical physics

- quantum field theory

- high energy physics

- nuclear physics

- atomic physics

- wave phenomena

- physics of plasma

- electronic properties of condensed matter

- magnetic and optical properties of condensed matter

- soft matter physics




Data Science & Artificial Intelligence


Software and computing

- software ecosystems

- security and safety in software architecture

- software variability

- architecture metrics and sustainability

- automotive in software architecture

- cloud computing and service architectures

- intensive computing

- high-performance calculation


Cybersecurity

Internet of Things

Digital economy

Bringing technology to the people (human-machine interaction)

- Synthesis and manipulation of visual content (including augmented/virtual reality, animation, immersive technologies)

- The exploration of computational techniques to learn, understand and produce human language content.



Interdisciplinary (intersections with various areas):

Better models for complex phenomena (including the improved forecasting of extremely complicated outcomes)

- economic activity in society

- information flow in computer networks

- transport and logistics

- air traffic

- climate patterns

- electrical power grids

- decision-making tools for Internet-based business information systems

- fluid flow in porous media

- mechanical, thermal, chemical processes in porous media

- etc.


Improved analysis of huge amounts of data from scientific instruments

- electrical patterns in biological research

- image analysis

- novel ways of visualising data

- data analysis in oil and gas applications

- etc.


See also above

This is a brief translated version of scientific rubricator used in the Russian Academy of Sciences expert database. English translation is limited to two levels (three-digit codes).

Lower levels, as well as the areas beyond the list presented here can be found in Russian in complete version available at http://www.rascommission.ru/rubricator (for natural sciences and math, see Group A; for engineering and computer science, see group Б; for Medicine, see grou ; for Agriculture see group Г; for history and philology, see group Д; for social and political science, see group E). ^[1]

000 Math

001 Mathematical logic and foundations

002 Algebra

003 Number theory

004 Algebraic and complex geometry

005 Geometry

006 Topology

007 Lie algebras and Lie groups, representation theory

008 Function theory, functional analysis

009 Complex analysis

010 Dynamical systems and ordinary differential equations

011 Partial differential equations

012 Mathematical physics

013 Probability theory and statistics

014 Combinatorics and discrete mathematics

015 Theoretical aspects of informatics (see also K410)

016 Control theory and optimization (see also T810, K4101, K4102)

017 Numerical mathematics

018 Mathematical modeling for natural science

100 Physics

110 General issues of theoretical physics

120 Physics of elementary particles

130 Nuclear physics`

140 Atomic and molecular physics

150 Wave phenomena

160 Plasma physics

170 Condensed matter physics

180 Applied physics

200 Chemistry

201 Molecular level modelling of substances and reactions

202 Inorganic and coordination chemistry

203 Solid state chemistry

204 Organic chemistry

205 Elementorganic chemistry

206 Polymers chemistry

207 Equilibria and processes in solutions, melts, and supercritical fluids

208 Low temperature chemistry. Chemical kinetics in vitreous media

209 Colloid chemistry, dispersed systems, and interfacial phenomena

210 Adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis

211 Electrochemistry

212 High energy chemistry. Atmosphere chemistry and astrochemistry

213 Research aspects of chemical engineering

214 Biochemistry

215 Bioorganic chemistry

216 Analytical chemistry (see also 410)

217 Radiochemistry

218 Chemoinformatics and chemometrics

219 Chemically oriented areas of chemical physics and biochemical physics

300 Biology

301 Biophysics

302 Biochemistry (see also 214, 215)

303 Enzymology (see also 2141, 2194)

304 Molecular biology (see also 214, 215, 2193, 2194)

305 Bioinformatics (computational molecular biology)

306 Systems biology

307 Structural biology

308 Cellular biology and cytology

309 Immunology

310 Phytobiology

311 Biotechnology

312 Pharmacology

313 Molecular medicine

314 Genetics

315 Histology

316 Human and animal physiology

317 Developmental biology

318 Radiobiology

319 Organismal biology

320 Evolutionary biology

321 Microbiology

322 Virusology

323 Ecology (see also 87025, 87029)

324 Soil science (see also 87023)

325 Etology and animal psychology

326 Mathematical and theoretical biology

327 Medical instrumentation

500 Astronomy

501 Astrophysical processes

502 Theory of gravitation and cosmology

503 Galaxies (including Milky Way)

504 Stars and interstellar medium

505 Sun and interplanetary space

506 Planets and small bodies of the solar system, exoplanets

507 Celestial mechanics and astrometry

508 Formation of Solar system and a systems of exoplanets

509 Astronomical methods and instruments

510 Astronomical databases and catalogs

600 Mechanics

610 Theoretical mechanics

620 Mechanics of fluids, gas, and plasma

630 Turbulence

640 Мechanics of deformable solids

650 Integrated and special issues of mechanics

800 Earth Science

810 Geology

820 Geochemistry, petrology, mineralogy

830 Geophysics

840 Physics of ionosphere and magnetosphere

850 Oceanology

860 Atmosphere physics and climate

870 Geography, ecology, and environmental science

880 Mining sciences

890 Natural hazards, technogeneous accidents and risks

T Engineering sciences

T100 Power engineering

T200 Mechanical Engineering

T300 Instrument making

T400 Building

T500 Transport

T600 Metallurgy and technologies of materials

T700 Industrial ecology

T800 Control theory and optimization (see also 016)

K Computer science

K000 Hardware

K100 Computer nets and clusters

K200 Telecommunication

K300 Software

K400 Algorithms

K500 Numerical calculations

K600 Information systems, data storage, web technologies

K700 Information security

K800 Applies information systems

K900 Human-computer interaction

[For Medicine and Agriculture, detailed sections of rubricator can be translated and added]

[1] One can use various combinations of codes, as well as key words. A systematic list of key words in Russian can be found in Section 400 of the complete version, it includes techniques, materials, substances, technologies and devices.